何为cult电影
无意中在一个已不仅属于我自己的网易帐号中发现了这篇东西，转贴到这儿保存，原帖删除。
Cult Films* have limited but very special appeal. Cult films are usually strange, quirky, offbeat, eccentric, oddball, or surreal, with outrageous, weird, unique and cartoony characters or plots, and garish sets. They are often considered controversial because they step outside standard narrative and technical conventions. They can be very stylized, and they are often flawed or unusual in some striking way.
Cult片具有有限但独特的吸引力。Cult片一般都非同寻常、乖僻诡异、离经叛道、荒诞不经、稀奇古怪、超越现实
Most cult films cut across many film genres (science fiction, horror, melodrama, etc.), although some film genres are also more prone to being cultish, such as the horror or sci-fi genres. Teen comedies are also more often rated as cult films, such as Dazed and Confused (1993), and Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982), with quotable lines of dialogue, and memorable characters and scenes.
尽管有些类型的影片更倾向于cult化，如恐怖片或科幻片，但许多cult片是跨类型的（科幻、恐怖、情节等）。象《年少轻狂》（1993）和《开放的美国学府》（1982）之类的青少年喜剧也常被归类到cult片里面，这种片子常有广为传颂的对白、难忘的人物和场景。
Many cult films feature or effectively showcase the performance of newcomers or other unknown talented actors/actresses. These often-obscure and cheesy films are usually made by maverick, highly individualistic film-makers with low-budget resources and little commercial marketing. And cult films are rarely, if ever, sequels, since then they would have attained mainstream appeal and widespread success. Some directors are more prone to making cult films, such as John Waters, Quentin Tarantino and David Lynch, especially early in their careers, because of their individualistic perspective and style, although they can often make a conventional 'mainstream' film too (such as David Lynch's The Straight Story (1999)).
许多cult片突出展示新人或其他没有名气但有天分的演员的表演。这些不引人注目、制作不怎么精良的影片常常是由一些自行其事、极度个人主义的电影人在经费有限、商业市场很小的情况下制作的。Cult也很少有结局（续集），其后它们得到主流观众的青睐，大获成功。有些导演由于极具个人主义的观点和风格，更倾向于制作cult片，如John Waters、Quentin Tarantino 和 David Lynch，在他们从事电影业早期时尤其如此，尽管他们也常制作传统的“主流”影片（如David Lynch的《斯特雷特的故事》）
Many cult films fared poorly at the box office when first shown, but then achieved cult-film status, developing an enduring loyalty and following among fans over time, often through word-of-mouth recommendations. Sometimes, they were revolutionary, brilliant films 'before their time' (i.e., Fantasia (1940)) and not bound by the conventions of their day.
许多cult片首影时票房收入惨淡肖申克的救赎 英语，但随后获得cult片地位，随着时间的推移，常常是通过口头推荐的方式，在影迷中受到追捧，历久不衰。有时，它们是革命性的、杰出的电影，“走在了时代的前面”（如《幻想曲》（1940）），不被当时的传统所约束。
They elicit a fiery and intense passion in devoted fans, and may cause cultists to enthusiastically champion and become devoted to these films, leading to audience participation, fan club membership, and repetitive viewings and showings. Cult films have tremendous followings with certain groups, e.g., college campuses, 'midnight movie' crowds, independent film lovers, etc. Cult movie worshippers persuasively argue with all about the merits of their choices, without regard for standard newspaper or movie reviews from critics.
它们在忠实影迷中引发高度热情，可能会由此激起cult迷狂热的忠诚，导致观众的参与、影迷俱乐部的成立和反复的观摩和放影。Cult片在某些特定的人群中有大量追随者，例如，大学校园、“午夜电影”人群、独立电影爱好者，等等。Cult片崇拜者与所有人滔滔不绝地谈论他们所选影片的优点，并不在乎权威媒体和评论家们的观点。
There's no hard-and-fast rule or checklist to gauge what makes a cult film. A cult film is often designated as such "in the eye of the beholder" without fufilling any definition. It's often a matter of opinion. One viewer's cult film may not be judged the same by another viewer. And just because a segment of devoted viewers (pre-teen girls) repeatedly watch a film - such as Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003) - to view its star Johnny Depp, or Titanic (1997) (to see Leonardo Di Caprio), or to view the latest George Lucas Star Wars film, doesn't make a film a cult film. However, there are the most popular cult films, such as The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) and any of the Star Trek films, that have developed cult followings with all the trappings.
没有一个板上钉钉的标准去裁定是什么构成了cult片。Cult片常指的是“观者眼中的”而不是符合任何定义的东西。它常常是个不同看法的问题。一位观者眼中的cult片在另一观者看来却不尽相同。一部分忠实观众（少女们）因为反复观看了某部影片肖申克救赎 影评，而去观看相关的影片，并不使这部片子成为cult片，如因了《加勒比海盗》（2003）而去看它的影星Johnny Depp的片子,因了《泰坦尼克》而去看Leonardo Di Caprio的片子，或是看最近的George Lucas的《星球大战》片。可是，《洛基恐怖舞会》（1975）和《星际迷航》系列具有上述电影的外部特点却成为最流行的cult影片。
One of the biggest, best-known cult films was not intended to become so popular. It was a low-budget, government 'documentary' propaganda film from the mid-30s created to dramatize the dangers of marijuana use and demon weed - Reefer Madness (1936). However, Tod Browning's grotesque Freaks (1932), was deliberately advertised as "the strangest...most startling human story ever screened," and had alternate titles including Forbidden Love, The Monster Show, and Nature's Mistakes. It used real-life dwarfs, pinheads, and other human freaks (portraying sideshow circus performers) to present a jolting story of revenge.
《大麻烟疯潮》（1936）是部规模最宏大、流传最久远的cult片之一。当初可没想到会变得那么流行。它是30年代中期的一部低成本的、政府“纪实性”宣传片，以戏剧的方式展示使用大麻和“魔鬼草”的危险。然而，Tod Browning怪诞的《畸形》（1932）却被故意宣传为人类有史以来所拍摄的“最奇异的…最令人吃惊的”影片，并有数个片名，包括《禁爱》，《怪物展》，《自然界的过失》。它聘用了真正的侏儒、智障者和其他畸形人（绘成马戏团杂耍演员的形象）出演一个骇人的复仇故事。
When first released, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) and Almost Famous (2000) were almost instantly pronounced as cult films, but as time progressed, they didn't really fit the category. They were highly-acclaimed, award-winning films that were prominently shown in the mainstream, and it had been too early to judge them as cult films. The media often labels an unusual film as a 'cult film' when it really shouldn't. It takes time for a film to reach cult status.
《卧虎藏龙》（2000）和《成名在望》(2000)一经放映即被称为cult影片，但随着时间发展，它们并不属于这一类别。它们是获得高度赞誉、摘金夺银的电影，在主流渠道里流光溢彩。把它们判定为cult片还为时过早。媒体常把一部非同寻常的影片标称是“cult片”，然而它的确不应当是。一部近电影要达到cult的地位需要时间。
Camp films are cult-type films, but they are often poorly made or ludicrous, yet still enjoyable and appreciated. Cult films follow no rules or pattern - some cult films are popular only among certain limited groups of audiences or friends.
棚屋电影是cult类型的电影肖申克的救赎海报，但它们常常粗制滥造、滑稽可笑，然而不乏娱乐性和观赏性。Cult影片没有一定的原则和模式有些cult片仅在某些特定和有限的观众群或朋友中流行。
Music-Based Cult Films:
Some cult films are music-based, such as director Rob Reiner's This is Spinal Tap (1984), a tongue-in-cheek spoof of rock documentaries, following a faux British heavy metal band's disastrous US tour; Pink Floyd: The Wall (1982), a bizarre film based on the popular rock album; Ken Russell's Tommy (1975), the Who's rock opera about a deaf, dumb, and blind kid who sure plays a 'mean pinball'; and The Blues Brothers (1980), a farcical musical comedy involving two loser musicians who resurrect their old blues band.
基于音乐的cult片：
有些cult片是基于音乐的，如Rob Reine导演的《摇滚万万岁》 (1984)是一部半开玩笑的摇滚纪录片，杜撰了英国重金属乐队灾难性的美国之行；《迷墙》（1982）是一部基于流行摇滚唱片的奇异电影；肯 罗素的《汤米》（1975）是部？摇滚剧，讲的是一位打弹子球的聋哑盲小孩的事；还有《布鲁斯兄弟》（1975）是一部搞笑的音乐喜剧，包括两名潦倒的音乐家重振老布鲁斯乐队的故事。
The first of two other quintessential rock musical cult films include the transgender The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) - notable for inspiring the craze of interactive, 'midnight movie' screenings. The iconic film was essentially a trashy tale set in a mysterious castle with kinky extraterrestrial Transylvanian transvestites, two stranded young people (including an underwear-clad Susan Sarandon), and a mad scientist. The second was a rebellious teenage musical comedy Rock 'N' Roll High School (1979) that featured a rock band named The Ramones. Perry Henzell's urban-crime drama The Harder They Come (1973) with musical star Jimmy Cliff, featured a reggae soundtrack and a seamy look at poverty and crime in Jamaica.
作为另外两部最为精典的音乐cult片之一的《洛基恐怖舞会》（1975）是一部跨类型的电影，因激发互动的、午夜场放映的狂热而引人注目。这部标志性的电影故事情节本质上了无新意，故事设计在一座神秘的古堡，里面有古怪的特兰西瓦尼亚外星易装癖者，两名穷途末路的年轻人（包括一名着镀金属内衣裤的苏珊沙伦唐Susan Sarandon和一名疯狂的科学家）。第二部是描述青少年叛逆的音乐喜剧《摇滚乐中学》（1979）
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Well-Regarded Cult Films:
A number of cult films are well-regarded, such as Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life (1946), that became popular many years after its initial release due to repeated television showings. Likewise, the classic weeper An Affair to Remember (1957) has developed a loyal following (it was a remake of Love Affair (1939), was paid homage in Sleepless in Seattle (1993) and remade as Love Affair (1994) with Warren Beatty and Annette Bening).
广受关注的cult影片：
很多cult影片广受关注，比如Frank Capra的《美好人生》（1946）在首映多年后由于电视台的反复播放开始流行。与此类似，催人泪下的金玉盟 (1957)就有一帮忠实的追随者（它是1939年《爱情事件》的重拍片）。《西雅图彻夜不眠》为之献礼，而Warren Beatty and Annette Bening为之重新演绎为《爱情事件》（1994）。
Others include the science fiction classic Forbidden Planet (1956) that has developed a wide cult following, Kubrick's intriguing A Clockwork Orange (1971) - a surrealistic tale of an ultra-violent future and the danger of psychological reconditioning, or Coppola's anti-Vietnam war epic of a terrifying journey into hell in Apocalypse Now (1979), or another Kubrick classic, Dr. Strangelove Or: How I Stopped Worrying and Learned to Love the Bomb (1964). Frank Darabont's subversive, allegorical, and life-affirming prison story about two life-sentenced prisoners, The Shawshank Redemption (1994), based upon a Stephen King story, failed at the box-office during its original release, but established a strong cult following its video release. George Roy Hill, the director of such Oscar-winning hits as The Sting (1973) and Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), also helmed the comedy-drama Slap Shot (1977) with Paul Newman - noted as one of the raunchiest, most foul-mouthed, macho sports films ever made.
其他的包括科幻精典《惑星历险》( (1956)肖申克的救赎 作者，也已引发广泛的cult式追捧；库布里克的《发条橙》一部讲述未来世界极端暴力和心理修整的危害的超现实的片子；Coppola的反越战史诗，在《现代启示录》（1979）中走向地狱的可怕旅程；另一部库布里克的经典之作《核战争狂人博士》或称《我怎样停止忧虑并学着爱上炸弹》（1964）。Frank Darabont根据Stephen King的同名短篇小说改编的《肖申克的救赎》是部具有颠覆性、讽喻性和肯定生命意义的电影，讲述的是两名被判了无期徒刑的人的故事，首度公映，票房收入惨淡，其后在视频发行方面却极为走红。George Roy Hill是获奥斯卡奖的《骗中骗》和《虎豹小霸王》的导演，他也带头与Paul Newman合作了《火爆群龙》这部喜剧片，该片是部展示男子气概的运动电影，为以最为粗俗和最为污言秽语而引人注目的影片之一。
A visually rich Philip-Marlowe style detective film, director Ridley Scott's Blade Runner (1982), set in futuristic, proto-punk Los Angeles in 2019, and about an ex-cop (Harrison Ford) who hunts down renegade human replicants, has developed a wide cultish following. An early 70s big-cult favorite was director Hal Ashby's dark, eccentric and macabre Harold and Maude (1971) about a strange taboo romance between a 20 year-old boy (Bud Cort) and a fun-loving, joie-de-vivre 79 year-old woman (Ruth Gordon) to the tune of a Cat Stevens soundtrack - with ingenious scenes of the spoiled rich boy's mock suicide attempts staged to upset his mother. A year earlier, Bud Cort had starred in Robert Altman's quirky and satirical fairy tale Brewster McCloud (1970) as a bespectacled boy living in the Houston Astrodome where he was building a machine to escape and fly away. The Sound of Music (1965) when re-released in the late 20th century was presented as a sing-along version (with subtitles) along the lines of the participatory Rocky Horror, with fans dressing up as nuns, lonely goatherds and Nazis.
一部视效丰富Philip-Marlowe风格的侦探片，由Ridley Scott 执导的《银翼杀手》，故事背景是未来的2019年朋克式的洛杉矶，讲的是前警察（哈里森福特）对变节复制人（机器人）穷追不舍的故事，已引起cult迷的跟从。一部70年代早期由哈尔阿什比执导的最为观众喜爱的黑色、反传统、以死亡为主题的《哈罗德与茂蒂》（1971）讲的是一位20岁男孩跟一位爱开玩笑、充满生活情趣的79岁老太太之间的禁忌之恋，配以Cat Stevens的音乐肖申克的救赎 小说，还有这位被宠坏的富家男孩做出的旨在让妈妈心烦的嘲讽式的富有创意的自杀场景。此前一年，Bud Cort曾在Robert Altman的诡异的讽刺童话剧《空中怪客》（1970）里担纲主演一位住在休斯顿航天中心的戴眼镜的男孩，他在那里建造了一架飞行器用来逃离。《音乐之声》（1965）在20世纪末再度投入市场时，呈现给观众的是供大家共享的演唱版的（带字幕）《洛基恐怖舞会》里的歌词，影迷们全扮成修女、孤独的牧羊人和纳粹。
Conversely, some of the most praised films have pornographic origins, such as the ground-breaking Behind the Green Door (1972) due to its star Marilyn Chambers appearing in her first adult role (she was a former All-American Girl and Ivory Snow detergent model).
相反地，一些最为称道的影片却源于色情片。如《绿门后面》（1972）引起震撼就是因为有影星玛丽莲钱伯斯第一次出任成人角色（她是前美国小姐，又是象牙雪洗洁品形象模特）。
*注： cult films 在词霸中释义为“风靡一时的电影”，读完上文，感觉并不能完全涵盖cult film的含义。由于文化的差异，与cult对应的释义，也需要解释。如下：
1、异教，邪教：一般被视为走极端或伪造的宗教或宗教派别，其追随者们通常在一个独裁的、极有性格魅力的领袖领导下过着不循惯例的生活
2、异教徒：该种宗教或宗教派别的追随者
3、宗教崇拜：宗教崇拜和崇拜仪式的体系或团体
4、宗教仪式：表达宗教信仰的正式用法；宗教典礼和仪式
5、拜神驱病法：通常为一种非科学的方法或疗法，其创始人宣称该法对治愈某一特殊疾病具有唯一的或独特的疗效
6、狂热崇拜：对某一人、原则或事物的过分的，尤指趋附时尚的奉献或敬奉
7、崇拜物：向该种对象奉献
8、团体：共享某一秘密的，通常在艺术或知识兴趣方面的排他性团体
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